Do Now Draw or trace the bony anatomy of the elbow on page 111 (Figure 11.1). Identify: Humerus Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle (not labeled in figure 11.1) Radius Ulna Elbow and Forearm
Anatomy Preview Bones Simple: three bones Muscles: Complex: 7 major muscles that move the elbow; 9 muscles that move the wrist and hand. Ligaments: Present throughout the elbow, but the medial ligaments are the most relevant to sports medicine
Anatomy Video Bones Humerus (distal portion) Medial and lateral epicondyles Radius (thumb side) Ulna (pinky side)
Olecranon (posterior ulna) Elbow bone Anatomy Type of Joint: Hinge joint Range of motion (ROM) Flexion (aka bending) up to
about 150 Extension (aka straightening) to 0, but my have hyperextension to -10 Pronation and Supination Pronation and supination occur at the radioulnar joint, not the elbow Radius has to cross over the ulna to produce
pronation Muscles Muscles Biceps (anterior) = elbow flexor Triceps (posterior) = elbow extensor Anterior View
Posterior View Wrist Flexors Originate on medial epicondyle of humerus Insert onto anterior hand/wrist Wrist Extensors
Originate on lateral epicondyle of humerus Insert onto posterior hand/wrist Ligaments Many ligaments necessary to provide stability. Medial: The ulnar collateral
ligament (UCL) is most commonly discussed in sports medicine UCL sprain/tear may lead to Tommy John surgery, especially for overhead athletes. Ligaments Lateral Important for stability of
radioulnar joint, especially with pronation Group Assignment (5 pts) Groups of up to 3 people (you can work independently). One sheet of printer paper per group. You can use the book, your notes, or internet/cell phone to complete this assignment. Draw, color, and identify anatomical
landmarks of the elbow. Choose from one of the following groups (pick one): Anterior and posterior bony anatomy. ID 10 different landmarks. Any view of the elbow muscle mass (Medial, lateral, anterior, or posterior view of muscles). ID 5 muscles. Write which view you used. Lateral and medial view of elbow ligaments. ID 5 ligaments. Points:
Anatomically accurate drawing (2 pts) Details added to drawing (color, shading, etc) (1/2 pt) Accurate labeling of anatomical structures (2 pt) Identified the appropriate number of structures(1/2 pt)
Quiz on Thursday Identify the following three bones: The olecranon is the posterior portion of which bone? 1 2 3
Anterior View Quiz # 1-3. Identify the following three bones. 4. The olecranon is the posterior portion of which bone? 3
1 2 Anterior View Remember H.O.P.S.? History
How did the injury occur? (MOI) Where does it hurt? (Injury location) What activities increase the pain? How long has the injury bothered you? (Acute vs. chronic) Describe the pain. (Sharp, dull, shooting pain?) Observation Look for anything unusual around the elbow as well as down to the hand/wrist. Palpation
Feeling for anything unusual around the elbow. Special tests To help determine the injury (will be discussed with some injuries) Elbow Dislocation Occurs when the olecranon (posterior ulna) no longer articulates (attaches) to the humerus. MOI: In sports,
usually due to hyperextension from FOOSH. Video Elbow Dislocation s/s: Severe pain Obvious deformity Lack ROM (unable to flex/extend) Loss of feeling into
hand and fingers Possible nerve damage Patient states that elbow is out and felt a pop Treatment Call 9-1-1 if: No radial pulse or capillary refill (finger nail) is present Possible injury to the artery
Numbness or tingling is present in hand Possible nerve damage Patient cannot get to the ER immediately The athletic trainers is not able to safely move the patient from the site of injury E.g. unstable fracture is also suspected or the patient is does not want to move from the site Treatment On-field treatment:
Splint in the position that is most comfortable for the patient. Apply sling (if possible) Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory (NSAID) Immediate referral to orthopedist or hospital. Ortho/ER:
X-ray (to rule-out fracture) Reduce the dislocation Splint Surgery may be necessary to repair damaged ligaments and joint capsule Reduction Hyperextension Tape Demo Video
Olecranon Bursitis Bursa: fluid-filled sacs that provide a buffer between bones, tendons, and ligaments. Many present throughout the bodys joints MOI: In athletics, usually direct impact to the elbow (e.g. fall or
hit with helmet or by a baseball). Olecranon Bursitis Signs and Symptoms (s/s) Posterior elbow pain. Noticeable swelling
Point tenderness: severe pain with palpation Warmth and redness if infection is present Olecranon Bursitis Treatment Initially: Ice bag or ice cup Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) Ibuprofen (Advil), Naproxen Sodium/ Naproxen (Aleve), Aspirin Elbow pad
Modify activities to prevent direct pressure to elbow If unresponsive to treatment: Aspiration (remove with needle) Corticosteroid injection Video Aspiration and corticosteroid injection Lateral & Medial Epicondylitis A.k.a.
Lateral = Tennis Elbow Medial = Golfers Elbow MOI: repetitive microtrauma of the wrist extensor/flexor muscles. Lateral & Medial Epicondylitis History: a chronic
condition (effects are persistent or long-lasting) Onset of injury: insidious (gradual pain and dysfunction) s/s: aching pain that worsens over time and with activity Weakness in hand and wrist Pain with palpation near lateral/medial epicondyle
Lateral & Medial Epicondylitis Initial treatment is conservative: Rest Ice
NSAIDs Heat (before activity) Forearm Strap To provide a counterforce Effective at treating symptoms Can use pre-wrap Lateral & Medial Epicondylitis Active Therapy Stretch wrist extensors
and flexors Deep tissue massage Therapeutic Ultrasound Provides deep tissue heating Electric Stimulation For pain control Strengthening Extensors
Flexors Distal Biceps Tendon Tear/Rupture Biceps tendon tears near the attachment site of the biceps tendon MOI: Elbow is forced into extension against resistance
Distal Biceps Tendon Tear/Rupture Most often seen in football with arm tackles Distal Biceps Tendon Tear/Rupture s/s Reports feeling pop Decrease elbow flexion strength Edema (swelling)
and Ecchymosis (discoloration) Obvious deformity of biceps, especially when compared bilaterally (both sides) Appears balled-up Distal Biceps Tendon Tear/Rupture Treatment: Tear
Ice and compression NSAIDs Progressive ROM Rupture Usually responds best to surgery ROM after 1 week Submaximal strengthening about 4 weeks post-op UCL Sprain UCL = Ulnar Collateral Ligament
A tear to at least one of the three ligaments of the UCL. UCL Sprain MOI: in sports, due to overload of the medial elbow, usually with overhand throwing Onset: Insidious or acute (recently
occurring, due to a traumatic event) UCL Sprain Palpation: Pain over UCL, but probably no deformity s/s Edema (swelling) may be present Pain and weakness with throwing/ overhand motion Diagnosis Valgus Stress Test MRI
UCL Sprain Treatment: Conservative RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) NSAIDs No overhand motion for 4 to 6 weeks for partial tears
Treatment: Aggressive Athletes and doctors are now opting for reconstructive surgery for partial and full tears due to its high success rate. Commonly known as Tommy John Surgery Lab
1. 2. 3. 4. Valgus and Varus Stress Tests Goniometry Pre-wrap tendinosis strapping TENS unit demonstration Tommy John Epidemic in MLB?
In Little Leaguers 30 for 30 Shorts Quiz Review Quiz on Friday 1/16. 10 Questions with 15 terms listed in the word bank Some terms will not be used. No term will be used more than once. What you should know: What type of joint is the elbow? What is the primary elbow flexor and extensor muscles?
Which muscle group originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus? How about the lateral epicondyle? What is lateral epicondylitis also know as? What you should know: What is Tommy John Surgery used to repair? Common MOI for an elbow dislocation? Know chronic vs. acute. What is a bursa? What you should know: Which injury is this?
