The Zachman Framework A view of information technology

The Zachman Framework A view of information technology Warped John A. Zachman 1987, Zachman, IBM Systems Journal 1993, Sowa and Zachman, IBM Systems Journal Popular business view of the components of information technology and the process of system development. Zachmans Framework Framework Data, Process and Network Columns Basic parts of an information system: different models, requirements and design expectations. Ballpark, Owner, Designer, Builder, Out of Context and End Product Rows Audience and purpose of the stages of a design. Components Data

Entity analysis, normalization and formal data models to build a database structure Process Process decompositions, data flows and structure charts to design code modules Network Communication and organizational structure of a system Stages (Architecture Analogy) Stage Ballpark View Owners View Designers View Builders View Out of Context Product Author Reader Example

Architect Envelope sketch Architect Owner / Contractor Contractor Foreman Floor plan Foreman SubContractor Workers Detailed design specifications Subsystem layouts Owner House Subcontractor Subsystem plan Stages

(Life Cycle) Concept Ballpark View Owners View Designers View Builders View Out of Context View End Product IT Product Business objectives and scope Enterprise system model Logical information system model Physical information system model Detailed component and module designs Information system Zachman Perspective Audience Focus (Who?) (How?) Who is the Data Design Product Process For?

Infrastructure Output (What?) What Questions do we Answer? Sowa, Zachman extension Adds columns for the management components of infrastructure People Time Motivation Zachman Extended Perspective An information system consists of: Data Process Network People Infrastructure Time Motivation ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE - A FRAMEWORK DATA

What FUNCTION How NETWORK Where PEOPLE Who When Why List of Things Important to the Business List of Processes the Business Performs List of Locations in which the Business Operates Planner ENTITY =Class of

Business Thing Function =Class of Business Process Node =Major Business Location People =Major Organizations Time =Major Business Event Ends/Means=Major Bus. Goal/ Critical Success Factor e.g. Semantic Model e.g. Business Process Model e.g. Logistics Network e.g. Work Flow Model e.g. Master Schedule e.g. Business Plan Ent =Business Entity Reln =Business Relationship

Proc. =Business Process I/O =Business Resources Node =Business Location Link =Business Linkage People =Organization Unit Work =Work Product Time =Business Event Cycle =Business Cycle End =Business Objective Means =Business Strategy e.g. Logical Data Model e.g. "Application Architecture" e.g. "Distributed System Architecture" e.g. Human Interface Architecture e.g. Processing Structure Ent =Data Entity Reln =Data Relationship

Proc .=Application Function I/O =User Views Node =I/S Function (Processor, Storage, etc) Link =Line Characteristics People =Role Work =Deliverable Time =System Event Cycle =Processing Cycle End =Structural Assertion Means =Action Assertion TECHNOLOGY MODEL (PHYSICAL) e.g. Physical Data Model e.g. "System Design" e.g. "System Architecture" e.g. Presentation Architecture e.g. Control Structure

e.g. Rule Design Builder Ent =Segment/Table/etc. Reln =Pointer/Key/etc. Proc.=Computer Function I/O =Screen/Device Formats Node =Hardware/System Software Link = Line Specifications e.g. Data Definition e.g. "Program" e.g. "Network Architecture" Ent =Field Reln =Address Proc.=Language Stmt I/O =Control Block Node =Addresses Link =Protocols e.g. DATA

e.g. FUNCTION e.g. NETWORK Owner SYSTEM MODEL (LOGICAL) Designer DETAILED REPRESENTATIONS (OUT-OFCONTEXT) SubContractor FUNCTIONING ENTERPRISE Zachman Institute for Framework Advancement - (810) 231-0531 People = User Work =Screen Format e.g. Security Architecture People =Identity Work =J ob e.g. ORGANIZATION

List of Events Significant to the Business MOTIVATION SCOPE (CONTEXTUAL) ENTERPRISE MODEL (CONCEPTUAL) List of Organizations Important to the Business TIME TM Time =Execute Cycle =Component Cycle List of Business Goals/Strat e.g., Business Rule Model End =Condition Planner ENTERPRISE

MODEL (CONCEPTUAL) Owner SYSTEM MODEL (LOGICAL) Designer TECHNOLOGY CONSTRAINED MODEL (PHYSICAL) Builder Means =Action e.g. Timing Definition e.g. Rule Specification Time =Interrupt Cycle =Machine Cycle End =Sub-condition Means =Step e.g. SCHEDULE

SCOPE (CONTEXTUAL) e.g. STRATEGY DETAILED REPRESENTATIONS (OUT-OF CONTEXT) Sub- Contractor FUNCTIONING ENTERPRISE Copyright - John A. Zachman, Zachman International