operant conditioning Punishment & Schedules of Reinforcement II.

operant conditioning Punishment & Schedules of Reinforcement II. Punishments Punishment - weakening a response by following it with unpleasant consequences. F operant conditioning II. Punishments a.Problems with Punishment 1. Doesnt erase behavior, just suppresses it.

2. Only works when guaranteed & immediate 3. May have bad side effects - resent parent, & no admittance, or opp. effect. 4. may be abusive or imitated as the only way to solve problems 5. does not teach acceptable behavior operant conditioning II. Punishments b. Types: 1. Positive Punishment administer a bad stimulus to decrease a behavior Example: spanking, speeding

ticket 2. Negative Punishment Withdraw a rewarding stimulus to decrease a behavior Example: take away cell phone, or a drivers license operant conditioning Reinforcement Schedules Partial or Intermittent Reinforcement - reinforcing a response only part of the time.(4 types) 1. Fixed-Ratio Schedules reinforce behavior after a set number of responses Ex: (Rats fed for every 30 responses)

(Restaurant Punch card - free coffee for every 3 purchases) operant conditioning Reinforcement Schedules 2. Variable-Ratio Schedules(VR)- reinforce after an unpredictable number of responses. (Pigeon might sometimes be reinforced after 10 bar presses, sometimes after 50) Gambling - payout is unpredictable) operant conditioning

Reinforcement Schedules 3. 3. Fixed-Interval Fixed-Interval Schedules(FI)Schedules(FI)- reinforce reinforce the the 1st 1st response response after after aa fixed fixed time time period. period.

(People checking more frequently for the mail as the delivery time approaches.) (Pigeons peck a key more frequently as the anticipated time for reward draws near. operant conditioning Reinforcement Schedules 3. 3. Variable-Interval Variable-Interval Schedules(FI) Schedules(FI) -- reinforce reinforce the the

1st 1st response response after after aa varying varying time time period. period. -- there there is is no no knowing knowing when when the the waiting

waiting will will be be over over (Checking email, or texts, - you dont know when theyre going to come) operant conditioning